According to UNESCO, over 254 million students are currently enrolled in universities worldwide. However, only a few are aware of the rich history that birthed this global educational phenomenon. At the heart of this legacy lies the first university in the world, Al-Qarawiyyin. Its influence continues reverberating throughout history, shaping intellectual thought and academic practices for centuries.
Let’s journey through time and learn about this extraordinary institution that laid the foundation for higher education as we know it today.
The First University In The World
The University of al-Qarawiyyin, located in Fez, Morocco, is recognised as the oldest university in the world. It was founded in 859 AD by Fatima al-Fihri, a pioneering figure in education from a noble lineage. Initially established as a madrasa, it evolved into a comprehensive university that introduced a system of awarding degrees across various fields, including religious studies, grammar, and rhetoric.
The Origins
Thousand years ago, when Europe was still staggering from the Dark Ages, The Middle East and North African states were shining bright with knowledge and information. Under the reigns of the Abbas Caliphate, the region beamed with hope, elevating cosmopolitan influence. The cities of Levantine and the coasts of Morocco are home to different cultures and traditions today.
This was when. Fatima al-Fihri, originally from Tunisia, inherited a substantial fortune upon her father’s death. Determined to use her wealth to benefit her community, she invested in constructing a mosque and an educational institution.
Over time, the mosque evolved into a vibrant learning centre, attracting scholars and students from various regions.
Historic Contributions
Al-Qarawiyyin quickly gained recognition as a leading educational institution in the Islamic world. The university’s curriculum covered many subjects, including theology, law, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and grammar. It was pivotal in preserving and transmitting knowledge from ancient civilisations, particularly the Greek and Roman texts, to later generations. The university’s library, one of the oldest in the world, houses countless manuscripts that offer invaluable insights into mediaeval scholarship.
The Current Scenario
Today, Al-Qarawiyyin remains an esteemed institution, blending its rich historical legacy with modern academic practices. The university is integrated into Morocco’s public university system and continues to uphold its commitment to education and research.
- Like today’s universities, al-Qarawiyyin hosts debates and symposiums and is home to several libraries throughout its layout.
- Today’s historical library still showcases Fatima’s original diploma on a wooden board. It also possesses 4000 manuscripts on a range of subjects.
- However, the university’s decay over the years has reached some of the rarest manuscripts written by the greatest minds of the Middle East, such as Ibn Khaldun.
What Makes The University So Valuable Today?
The library curator of al-Qarawiyyin, Abdelfattah Bougchouf, told Al-Jazeera in 2016 that people used to travel from different parts of the world to simply fact-check the collection of old and rare manuscripts.
The University of Al-Qarawiyyin was established on the foundational concept of higher education as we understand it today. Fatima al-Fihri envisioned a place where the brightest philosophical and scientific minds could gather for advanced learning and disseminate their knowledge worldwide during the Middle Ages.
This vision was successful, as the university thrived as a centre of intellectual excellence and set a precedent for educational structures.
Al-Qarawiyyin’s innovative model profoundly influenced the development of higher education in Europe, inspiring the establishment of renowned institutions such as the University of Bologna (founded in 1088) and the University of Oxford (founded around 1096).
Academic Programmes at Al-Qarawiyyin
The first university in the world is famed for its diverse educational courses. It attracts learners from all over the world and nurtures their intellectual pursuits. The university offers programs in Islamic studies and related fields to prepare students to further their understanding of the Quran, Sunnah, and Arabic literature. Here’s a closer look at the university’s top academic programs.
| Programme | Description | Key Focus Areas | Ideal For |
| BA in Islamic Studies | A comprehensive course that nurtures scholars with a deep understanding of Islamic teachings and Arabic. | – Quranic studies – Arabic language – Islamic history & culture | – Aspiring Islamic scholars – Religious educators – Researchers in Islamic studies |
| BA in Arabic Language & Literature | Explores Arabic linguistics and literature, fostering critical thinking and cultural appreciation. | – Grammar & vocabulary – Poetry & prose – Arabic history & culture | – Linguists & writers – Academicians – Professionals in Arabic media & diplomacy |
| Certificate of Arabic as a Second Language | Provides a strong foundation in Arabic for non-native speakers, focusing on comprehension and application. | – Arabic comprehension – Language structure – Cultural & historical context | – Students of religious studies – Journalists & diplomats – Enthusiasts of Arabic language & culture |
| Certificate of Quranic Arabic | Teaches the Quran’s language directly from its text, deepening spiritual and linguistic knowledge. | – Quranic vocabulary – Text interpretation – Spiritual & linguistic immersion | – Aspiring Imams & scholars – Devout learners of the Quran – Translators of religious texts |
Faculty Members
Al-Qarawiyyin University is home to a distinguished faculty, each member bringing a wealth of knowledge in Islamic studies, Arabic language, and related fields. These scholars combine academic excellence with real-world experience, ensuring students gain a deep understanding of Islamic sciences, Arabic culture, and history. Their diverse expertise and research contributions strengthen the university’s reputation for scholarly excellence.
Dr. Hamdullah Sayedi
Dr. Hamdullah Sayedi is a respected expert in Islamic Jurisprudence and Comparative Civil Law. He earned his Ph.D. from Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. His research focuses on Islamic Civil Law, and he has authored several notable works, including Faskh-uqud Al-mu’amlat (Abolition of Financial and Trade Contracts), Jumal ul-Ahkam, and As-Subayat.
Academic Contributions:
- Dr. Sayedi has taught at institutions such as Herat University and Al-Azhar University, covering Islamic jurisprudence, Arabic, and Farsi.
- He currently serves as an Imam at the West Sacramento Islamic Center in California.
- His deep knowledge and extensive experience make him a key member of Al-Qarawiyyin University’s faculty.
Husam-Udden Mustapha
Husam-Udden Mustapha has over 20 years of experience in teaching Arabic and Islamic Studies. He holds a Master of Arts in Islamic Studies from the Open University, USA, and a Bachelor of Arts from Al-Azhar University.
Academic Contributions:
- He has worked as a professor and supervisor at James First Point Private Schools in the UAE.
- He has lectured at the College of Social Services in Egypt.
- He has received awards for Distinguished Teaching, Quran memorization, and Educational Innovation in the UAE.
- His commitment to education ensures that students at Al-Qarawiyyin receive high-quality instruction in Arabic and Islamic Studies.
Dr. Ebrahim Alareqi
Dr. Ebrahim Alareqi is an expert in both religious and technical fields. He holds a Ph.D. in Computational & Data-Enabled Science and Engineering and a Master’s in Computer Science, specializing in High-Performance Computing. He is also a Hafiz, having received an Ijazah in Quran Hafs Recitation from Sh. Yahya Ben Ahmed Alhalili in Yemen.
Background and Contributions:
- Dr. Alareqi has led Taraweeh prayers at mosques in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and the USA.
- He works as a Data Scientist at Volvo Cars R&D Tech Centre.
- He is an active researcher, reviewing IEEE journals and conferences on Machine Learning and Big Data.
- His unique combination of Islamic scholarship and technology expertise makes him a valuable part of the faculty.
Dr. Yousef Al-Shehabi
Dr. Yousef Al-Shehabi specializes in Islamic Studies and holds a Ph.D. from the Graduate Theological Foundation. He also has degrees in International Relations and Computer Science. His education includes traditional Madrasah-style study circles and academic seminars.
His Contributions:
- He has served as a lecturer, Imam, and khateeb in the San Francisco Bay Area.
- He has written influential books, including Path to World Peace and The Democratic Process in Islam.
- He has held leadership roles such as Chairman of the Fiqh Council of the MCA and Director of the AQSA Information Center.
- His knowledge and experience greatly enrich the academic community at Al-Qarawiyyin University.
Student Life And Graduates
Student life at Al-Qarawiyyin blends traditional and contemporary experiences. The university creates an environment of intellectual curiosity and spiritual growth, with students actively participating in academic and extracurricular activities.
Campus Environment
The campus, centred around the historic mosque, provides a serene and inspiring atmosphere. Students have access to modern facilities, including lecture halls, libraries, and research centres, while surrounded by the architectural splendour of the ancient city of Fez.
Extracurricular Activities
Students engage in extracurricular activities, from cultural and literary clubs to sports and community service initiatives. These activities enhance their academic experience, fostering a well-rounded education.
Alumni And Impact
Throughout history, the University of Al-Qarawiyyin has been a renowned centre of learning, attracting some of the most influential philosophers, scholars, and political figures from Morocco and the western Mediterranean.
Many distinguished individuals have either studied or taught at this prestigious institution since its founding. Some of the most notable people are as follows:
| Name | Lifespan | Field of Influence | Contributions |
| Maimonides | 1135/1138–1204 | Jewish philosophy & medicine | Influential Jewish philosopher, physician, and scholar of Islamic and Greek thought |
| Ibn Arabi | 1165–1240 | Sufism & Philosophy | Pioneering Sufi thinker known for works on Islamic mysticism |
| Ibn Khaldun | 1332–1406 | History & sociology | Founder of modern historiography and sociology, known for Muqaddimah |
| Leo Africanus | 1494–1554 | Geography & travel writing | Documented North African geography and culture, influencing European perspectives |
| Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari | 1577–1632 | History & Theology | Historian and theologian served as imam and mufti under Saadi Sultan Zaydan |
| Imam al-Bannani | 1727–1780 | Islamic jurisprudence | Noted jurist who contributed significantly to Maliki legal thought |
| Ahmad ibn Idris | 1760–1837 | Sufism & jurisprudence | Revitalized Islamic mysticism and legal studies |
| Muhammad al-Kattani | 1873–1909 | Literature & Politics | Writer and political figure advocating Moroccan independence |
| Abd el-Krim el-Khattabi | 1882–1963 | Military strategy & revolution | Led resistance against Spanish and French colonial rule |
| Allal al-Fassi | 1910–1974 | Politics & Philosophy | Key political thinker and advocate for Moroccan nationalism |
| Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali | 1893–1987 | Islamic scholarship & translation | Prominent scholar and translator of Islamic texts |
| Abdullah al-Ghumari | 1910–1993 | Jurisprudence & hadith studies | Influential jurist and scholar in Islamic law |
| Fatima al-Kabbaj | Born 1932 | Islamic scholarship & gender inclusion | One of the first female scholars at Al-Qarawiyyin, a member of the High Council of Knowledge |
Enrollment At The University Of Al-Qarawiyyin
Enrolling at the University of Al-Qarawiyyin involves steps similar to those at many other higher education institutions, but it also includes unique aspects reflecting its traditional and religious foundations.
Admission Requirements
1. Academic Qualifications
Prospective students must have completed their secondary education with satisfactory grades. Specific requirements may vary depending on the chosen program of study.
2. Language Proficiency
Since Arabic is the primary language of instruction, proficiency in Arabic is essential. Students may need to demonstrate their language skills through standardised tests or previous academic records.
3. Entrance Examinations
Some programs may require students to pass entrance examinations. These exams typically assess knowledge in relevant subjects and general academic aptitude.
4. Religious Studies
Given the university’s strong emphasis on Islamic studies, students interested in theology and related disciplines might need a background in Islamic education.
Application Process
- Application Form: Prospective students must complete an application form, which can usually be obtained from the university’s admissions office or website.
- Supporting Documents: Applicants must submit various documents, including academic transcripts, proof of language proficiency, personal identification, and letters of recommendation.
- Interview: Some programs may require an interview as part of the admission process. This is particularly common for programs related to Islamic studies.
- Application Fee: A nominal application fee must be paid when submitting the application form.
Fee Structure
The fee structure at Al-Qarawiyyin is generally affordable compared to many Western universities, reflecting the institution’s commitment to accessible education. However, fees can vary based on the program and level of study.
- Tuition Fees: Tuition fees are relatively low, especially for Moroccan students. International students may have higher fees but often lower than in many other countries.
- Additional Fees: There may be additional fees for registration, library access, and student services.
- Financial Aid and Scholarships: The university offers scholarships to deserving students. These are usually based on academic merit and financial need.
Student Life and Support
A university as old as this has set the benchmark for excellent student support, backing their academic excellence and leading them to live a more comfortable life. A list of varied benefits has also been a benchmark for universities internationally.
- Accommodation: The university provides student accommodation options both on campus and in nearby areas. Dormitories are often the most affordable option, while private housing is also available.
- Student Services: Students can access various services, including academic advising, career counselling, health services, and extracurricular activities.
- Cultural and Religious Activities: As a prominent Islamic institution, Al-Qarawiyyin offers numerous religious and cultural activities. Students can participate in study circles, lectures, and community service projects.
- International Student Support: The university provides orientation programs, language support, and assistance with visa and residency issues for international students.
Conclusion
Enrolling at the University of Al-Qarawiyyin is a rigorous process that reflects its high academic and religious standards. With affordable fees, a rich educational environment, and a supportive campus community, the university continues attracting students from around the world eager to be part of its storied legacy.
Al-Qarawiyyin prepares its students to become knowledgeable and responsible leaders in their respective fields by blending traditional Islamic education with modern academic disciplines.
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FAQs
1. Who made the first university in the World?
The first university in the world was founded by a woman named Fatima bint Muhammad Al-Fihriya al-Qurashiya in 859 CE in Fez, Morocco. She is famously known as Fatima al-Fihri.
2. Is Al-Quaraouiyine the oldest university in the world?
The University of Al Quaraouiyine, in Fez, Morocco, is the oldest in the world. It was founded as a mosque in 859 before developing into one of the Islamic Golden Age’s leading spiritual and educational centres.
3. Who can study at Al-Quaraouiyine?
Most students at al-Qarawiyyin are between 13 and 30 years old and study for high school-level diplomas and university-level bachelor’s degrees.
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I have done Bachelor’s in Culinary Arts from India and completed my graduation in the year 2022 .I am 22 years old. After graduation, I have done 1 year paid internship from USA .Now, I would like to take occupational experience and learn culinary skills and also do masters in Culinary arts.How can I find the college n best course / country where I can persue studying further